The consent form should be signed and dated both by the doctor and by you, as the patient.
A discussion of the consequences of not accepting the test, procedure, or treatment. A description of alternative treatments, procedures, or tests, if any, and their relative benefits and risks. An explanation or description of the proposed test, procedure, or treatment, including possible complications or adverse events. An explanation of the purpose and benefits of the proposed test, procedure, or treatment. An explanation of the medical condition that warrants the test, procedure, or treatment. If they are not, you should request that information: The following components should be discussed and included in the written consent form. For many invasive tests or for treatments with significant risk, you should be given a written consent form and a verbal explanation, both preferably in your native language. No written documentation of the consent process is obtained. SLIDESHOW Exercise Tips for Seniors See Slideshowįor many tests and procedures, such as routine blood tests, X-rays, and splints or casts, consent is implied. Likewise, making a "bad" decision does not mean that you, as a patient, are "incompetent" or do not have decision-making capacity.ĭecision-making capacity, or competency, simply means that you can understand and explain the options, their implications, and give a rational reason why you would decide on a particular option instead of the others. 
To have decision-making capacity does not mean that you, as the patient, will always make "good" decisions, or decisions that your doctor agrees with. If you are not able to do all of the components, family members, court-appointed guardians, or others (as determined by state law) may act as "surrogate decision-makers" and make decisions for you.
The ability to evaluate the personal cost and benefit of each of the consequences and relate them to your own set of values and priorities. The ability to understand the consequences of choosing each of the options. The components of decision-making capacity are as follows: You may have the capacity to make some decisions, but not others. Decision-making capacity is not black and white. It is one of the most important components of informed consent. 
Incompetence in which someone is unable to give permission (or to refuse permission) for testing or treatmentĭecision-making capacity is often referred to by the legal term competency. An emergency in which medical care is needed immediately to prevent serious or irreversible harm. Under certain circumstances, there are exceptions to the informed consent rule. For more invasive tests or for those tests or treatments with significant risks or alternatives, you will be asked to give explicit (written) consent. For many types of interactions (for example, a physical exam with your doctor), implied consent is assumed. The legal term for failing to obtain informed consent before performing a test or procedure on a patient is called battery (a form of assault). You must give your voluntary, informed consent for treatment and for most medical tests and procedures. Informed consent is based on the moral and legal premise of patient autonomy: You as the patient have the right to make decisions about your own health and medical conditions. This process of understanding the risks and benefits of treatment is known as informed consent. Doctors will give you information about a particular treatment or test in order for you to decide whether or not you wish to undergo a treatment or test. There are 4 components of informed consent including decision capacity, documentation of consent, disclosure, and competency.
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